7 When The Scientific Secrets of Perfect Timing - We should capitalize on our natural circadian rhythms. What is your chronotype? - Premortem. Examine what you think could go wrong. Not getting a book written. Think of what could cause it. Not writing every day. Not keeping the editor updated. Think of how to change those to positive actions. He wrote six days a week and consulted his editor regularly. - Techniques for promoting belonging in your group? Email response time is the single best predictor of whether employees are satisfied with their boss. - Syncing to the heart- working in harmony with others makes it more likely we will do good. Previous Next

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< Back Frequently Asked Questions What level of schooling/ education/ training is required to be an Acute Care Surgeon? - Traditionally, 4 years of undergraduate education and 4 years of medical school. - Surgery residency, typically 5 clinical years, sometimes an optional or mandatory research year (or more). - Following residency, there is a written exam that qualifies you to take the oral boards. Passing oral boards equates to Board Certification in General Surgery. - Fellowship- one year mandatory for surgical critical care certification. Acute Care Surgery requires two years of training. - Following a surgical critical care fellowship (after completing one year SCC fellowship, or after the critical care year of your ACS fellowship), there is a written exam requirement for Board Certification in Surgical Critical Care. What is the best part of your job? Relieving patients suffering. We meet people on what is probably the worst day of their life. Whether it’s a traumatic injury or a surgical emergency, our patients arrive in crisis. We can minimize or alleviate their suffering. What is the worst part of your job? Having to tell families that their loved one died. We meet people on what is probably the worst day of their life. We have to quickly establish rapport and tell them terrible news. We ask strangers to trust that we did everything to keep their child, spouse, or parent alive. Previous Next

1st day in radiology: your right is your left, your left is your right Radiologic Dyslexia < Back 1st day in radiology: your right is your left, your left is your right I have recently coined a new phrase. While showing my mom a picture, pointing out someone she had never met before, I commented, "he's the one on the right." Funny story, though- he was actually on the left side of the picture. I had to pause while I talked to my mom and reassure her that I know the difference between my right and my left. While scrolling through Twitter the other day, I was reviewing a question posed about an abdominal x-ray. Another Twitter user added a helpful hint by indicating "the right side of the circle" when pointing out an abnormality. I predicted he meant anatomical right (meaning the image's left side) based on my interpretation. We chuckled about the discrepancy between radiographic laterality and left-right differentiation in real life. I decided to designate this mix-up "radiologic dyslexia." Feel free to use this in the appropriate context! Previous Next

How to play nice in the sand box...and why it matters Consults < Back How to play nice in the sand box...and why it matters The department of Acute Care Surgery and Emergency Medicine frequently interact to discuss consults. Unfortunately, several factors predispose to an adversarial relationship between the ER provider and the consultant.(1) I won't pretend that I didn't contribute to some of the negative interactions I've had while responding to consults. However, I'm grateful that my years of experience have provided me with insight and perspective that reframed my thoughts about the consultation process. What are the different types of consults? #1 The patient requires something that is beyond the scope of practice of the emergency provider. This includes everything from hospital admission, surgical or procedural intervention (appendectomy, stop the bleeding from a penetrating neck wound, cardiac catheterization), or a plan for close follow-up. How to Respond? This is why we chose our specialty, and our business is patient care. If a consultant is not responsive, it might be because they are caring for more urgent clinical issues. It's also possible that they are a generally unpleasant person, and it has no relation to the nature of the consult..some people can be difficult regardless of the scenario. Admittedly, it might also be 2 am, and they just fell back asleep after their last page. As much as I hate to admit, it's harder to be pleasant on the phone when you're absolutely exhausted. #2 The unclear diagnosis. The patient is presenting with a complex issue, or the diagnosis may be outside the provider's experience. This could be the first time they encounter a particular clinical scenario or an unusual presentation of a common diagnosis. How to Respond? Depends on the scenario. If that patient requires emergent assistance, prioritize their needs. If no emergent need, but further workup is needed, provide whatever recommendations you can regarding the next steps of the diagnostic workup. If the patient's case falls under your specialty, refer back to #1. #3 The emergency room provider doesn't know who the appropriate consultant is, or they have had no luck reaching them. How to Respond? It's easy to brush off a call when the primary provider called the wrong service. This might occur if the provider cannot reach a particular specialist, and you are the next best option (example- plastic surgeon doesn't respond for a consult on a patient with a wound complication). Please, if you know how to reach that provider, lend a hand. Or, if they call the wrong service, take the time to give a little guidance about whom they should have called. They aren't trying to waste your time- they are likely also busy, and calling multiple consultants is not the best way to spend their time either. Whatever assistance you can provide is best for the patient. #4 The controversial consult. In my experience, during years of working with surgeons and emergency physicians, probably one of the most contentious consultations is the consultation for something that the consultant considers inappropriately simple or unnecessary. The surgeon may think that the issue is trivial or the need is non-existent and feel that the provider should be capable of resolving the issue without calling a surgeon. This disconnect might be the key patient interaction that can set the tone for the relationship between departments. How to Respond? First, and most importantly, please don't be dismissive when someone calls you for a consult. If you are receiving a call, it's because the person on the other end of the phone (and therefore the patient they are caring for) needs your help. Surgeons, along with other specialists, have extensive specific expertise, so it's easy to lose perspective and presume that the knowledge in our head is universal. It's become almost intuitive in our minds, so we might forget that the primary provider does NOT have the same specialization. We each chose our respective specialties, and our training and biases are quite divergent. It is unreasonable to expect ER physicians to share the same depth of knowledge in each of the many specialties, just as each of the specialists would not have the same ability to deftly juggle the wide array of clinical scenarios managed in the ER. I remember the plastic surgeon who showed me how to do a scar revision on a young woman's face. He spent his career training and practicing to perform plastic surgery. It was simple in his hands, but that doesn't mean the woman would have a similar outcome if the needle driver was in my hand. Please, think of the patient's best interest. Yes, the primary provider may be "an idiot" or "lazy" or whatever. But consider the other possibilities. I prefer to give my colleagues the benefit of the doubt and avoid automatically assuming incompetence. Regardless of the underlying issue, whether it's a flaw of the provider or its truly beyond their capability, the patient needs someone to take care of them. Do the right thing for the patient- in the end, that's what matters. 1. Koo A, Bothwell J. Tips for Working with Consultants. ACEP Now. Nov 2017. Previous Next

The person you know her as isn’t there anymore Goals of Care < Back The person you know her as isn’t there anymore I have used those words on countless occasions while explaining severe/ non-survivable brain injury to patient's families. There are many phrases that providers use to describe end-of-life care. Palliative care. Palliative extubation. Withdrawal of care. Withholding of care.(1) Words are powerful, and conversations about the death of a loved one are remembered well into the future. What they hear can significantly impact their perception of how you are caring for their family or friend. Phrases such as “withdrawing care” can signal that the medical team is giving up and sticking their mother or child or best friend in a dark corner to die a miserable death. We aren’t withdrawing care- in reality, we are continuing to provide maximal patient care, following their wishes. Just because the result is death doesn’t mean we aren’t caring. Death isn’t pretty, and we shouldn’t pretend that we can eliminate the family's pain. But our approach to providing a peaceful dignified death with minimal pain and distress and anxiety can ease some of the family's distress. During my year of dedicated ICU training, I have guided countless families through the decision-making process of end of life care and several conversations will be permanently etched in my memory. I am grateful that I was able to witness and learn from some incredibly experienced and compassionate critical care physicians. While I can’t completely pull back the curtain on the details of these conversations or the specifics of treatment at the end of life, I will share some of the wisdom I gleaned. The patient is already being actively cared for when we have these conversations. Pain and anxiety are treated, bony prominences positioned and patients are turned frequently to prevent pressure wounds. The focus of the conversation is directed at relieving the emotional suffering and distress of the family and friends. Every conversation is different, and empathy and tact are paramount. Also, allowing time for people to express their thoughts is important. It allows them to unload what they are struggling with and also allows the team to tailor the discussion to address their specific concerns. Loved ones present a wide spectrum of emotions. Recognizing and validating these feelings is one way to reassure people that what they are experiencing is not abnormal. It's also a very important step in assessing their understanding of the gravity of the current situation, as well as developing a sense of what their wishes would be (ie mom was very independent and would never want to live like this, my husband writes and teaches, and he wouldn't want to exist if he can't interact in a meaningful way). Some struggle with guilt about unresolved disputes. Others struggle with the crushing sadness of unrealized dreams for their child. But one emotion and concern that is almost universal is guilt about deciding to proceed with comfort care. One such interaction that I will never forget was about the children who were wrestling with the thought of giving up and letting go of their mother who had a devastating brain injury after a car accident. Their respect and love for their mother made it challenging to reconcile with the reality that she wasn’t ever going to be the same person. They talked about how strong and independent she was, and how she would never want to exist in a state of complete dependence. As I sat quietly listening, I heard the words of one of my mentors in my head…”You are showing your love for your mother. This is a gift that you can give her.” We will never erase their feelings, but we can provide reassurance that they aren't inflicting pain and suffering on their family, but they are actually respecting their wishes not to live in this condition. One of the phrases I adopted during my training was “The person you know her (him) as isn’t there anymore.” Seeing flickers of movement, watching their chest rise and fall, and feeling the warmth of their skin can all give hope, that maybe with time and aggressive care, their husband will return to them, their child will wake up and smile at them. The invisible truth of a devastating injury often hides the reality. It is our responsibility and privilege to guide these families through what is likely to be one of the most heart-wrenching moments of their life and to show compassion in our conversation and our care for their loved one. We aren't withdrawing care- we care for our patients until they die, but our goals of care should shift to align with their wishes. Previous Next

4 Everything is Obvious ...Once You Know the Answer - Countless examples of how we understand cause and effect much less than we think. - "No matter where we live, our lives are guided and shaped by unwritten rules-so many of them, in fact, that we couldn't write them all down if we tried." - The relative number of people who are organ donors varies between countries. Why? Religion, education, fear about receiving less aggressive care if you are an organ donor, et cetera. The default option for registration can explain the difference between two neighboring European countries. One country requires the citizen to actively elect to be a donor, while another country requires a citizen to decline the default option for being a donor. - "We claim...that the Mona Lisa is the most famous painting in the world because it has attributes X, Y and Z. But really what we’re saying is that the Mona Lisa is famous because it’s more like the Mona Lisa than anything else." Previous Next

< Back Pancreatitis UpToDate Patient Education Patient education: Acute pancreatitis (Beyond the Basics) Patient education: ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography) (Beyond the Basics) Source: UpToDate Images: Pancreas Anatomy Previous Next

Maintaining our humanity in the clinical environment Comfortably Numb < Back Maintaining our humanity in the clinical environment If you are working in an intensive care unit, your patients will frequently be intubated and/ or sedated. The ICU can be very dehumanizing, and it is easy to forget that patients are human beings with family and friends that love them. Adherence to critical care guidelines and following protocols is important. But while we are providing the highest level of care based on evidence, we must not ignore the humanity of our patients. There is a missing link that isn’t routinely taught in school or nurtured in training and isn’t encouraged when it is performed. The human connection, treating a patient like a person. Treat your patients as if they were your family member. Basic human decency supports the practice of avoiding derogatory conversations in the presence of patients. I have witnessed more than a handful of incidents of medical personnel discussing other patient scenarios in the presence of other patients. HIPAA laws aside, generic simple conversations are likely unavoidable (“hey the patient next door needs his pain medication…”, “is room 7 ready for radiology…”, etc). However, I have witnessed providers speaking about a brain dead patient who was being evaluated for organ donation in the presence of another patient. Speaking about death and organ donation in the room of a critically ill patient is unacceptable. Mentioning derogatory things about patients in the operating room is unacceptable. My personal opinion is that negative things should be avoided in general. I don’t mean that real problems should be swept under the rug. But in my opinion, extraneous negative remarks have no place in a patient's room. A few thoughts. 1. Don’t lose your humanity. Treat all patients as if they were your loved one (family, friend, whatever fits that category for you). If you catch yourself slipping into a routine of just seeing the procedures and diagnoses, I urge you to engage in intentional self-reflection. 2. Treat all patients as if they can hear and sense everything. I am not a proponent of the occult or the metaphysical, and I don’t believe in jinxes- I don’t believe that mentioning bad prognoses makes them more likely to occur. However, I believe that most patients who are intubated and sedated are aware, on some level, of their surroundings. There are plenty of reports of patients recalling stressful experiences from their time in the ICU. I don’t think we will ever know what they can hear or sense, or how it impacts their emotional and physical well-being. Therefore, I strongly advocate for treating all patients as if they can hear and sense everything. 3. Try to imagine what you would want if you were in the patient's position. Imagine you can’t talk, you’re in pain, you have an itch you can’t scratch, your eyes are stuck shut from eye crust that you can’t wipe away, your mouth and throat feel like sandpaper, you don’t have your glasses or your hearing aids, you have no idea where you are or what day it is, etc etc. Now imagine you are slowly waking up as your sedation medicine wears off. You have people pinching you and yelling at you to open your eyes. Compare that to hearing a calm steady voice in your ear, speaking encouraging words, explaining that you are in an ICU, you have a breathing tube in place, you’re safe, your medical team is waking you up to see if you can breathe on your own and get the tube out. I’m not suggesting that this practice will eliminate agitation when a spontaneous awakening trial is performed. But just imagine the difference of being reoriented when you have no control instead of being shouted at and told to open your eyes. Imagine someone taking a wet washcloth to your eyes to remove the crust, allowing you to open your eyes for the first time in days. It’s not something you’ll learn in medical school. And it shouldn’t be revolutionary…but just imagine the difference in the patient's perspective and understanding of their situation. Previous Next

< Back ICU Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM): Patient and Family Resources Meet the Critical Care Team Learn about the members of the ICU care team. Patient Communicator Application This free app by SCCM is designed to improve communication between patients, families, and caregivers. Critical Care FAQs Learn about which patients require care in the ICU, what things commonly happen in the ICU, as well as find a more detailed explanation of common medical conditions seen in the ICU. Resource Library The MyICUCare.org Resource Library includes complimentary materials aimed at educating patients and families about the critical care journal, both during an ICU stay and after discharge. Understanding Your ICU Stay: Information and Patients and Families booklet. American Thoracic Society- Patient Education | INFORMATION SERIES Managing the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Experience: A Proactive Guide for Patients and Families Mechanical Ventilation What is Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome? What is ECMO? Central Venous Catheter Arterial Catheterization What is Hemodialysis for Acute Kidney Failure? What is Sepsis? Palliative Care for People with Respiratory Disease or Critical Illness Tracheostomy in Adults Living with a Tracheostomy Venous Thromboembolism- Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) and Pulmonary Embolism (PE) Preventing Venous Thromboembolism [John Hopkins Medicine: Armstrong Institute for Patient Safety and Quality ] Previous Next

11 < Back Board Examinations American Board of Surgery: General Surgery Boards Exam Prep Master the General Surgery Oral Boards by Dr Hassan Aziz . Dr Aziz reviews key surgical topics, including trauma, thoracic, pediatric, HPB, GI, breast cancer, endocrine, vascular. [Reference courtesy of Hassan Aziz, MD @Sharpknife_Aziz ] Surgical Education and Self-Assessment Program (SESAP). Resource for general surgeons- stay current with the latest surgical knowledge and prepare for examinations. American Board of Surgery: Surgical Critical Care Boards Exam Prep Evidence-Based Practice of Critical Care. 3rd edition, 2019. Reviews the literature regarding specific high yield critical care topics. Trauma, Critical Care, and Surgical Emergencies: A Case and Evidence-Based Textbook. 1st edition, 2010. 64 cases that review the basic principles of ACS. Previous Next